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  • Plasma Spark Sintering; A new Sintering Method

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Milling Services

Device name: Ball mill

A device for powder processing, which has been widely used in various industries. By using this device, in addition to milling, other processes such as mechanical alloying can be performed. Particle size can also be changed. Another important application is the production of high solid load suspension for the slip casting process of ceramics. Services of this device is performed with cups made of Alumina and Zirconia. .

Device name: jar mill

This device with 1 meter long, has the power of rotating a container with a volume of 100 liters.

Advantages of the device

Homogenization of non-metallic materials

High engine power and rotational setting

Applicable for high volumes and in pilot form

Device name: 5-liter three-dimensional mixer

The main purpose of this device is to create more than 70% barometric suspension for the purpose of building ceramic raw materials. It has a high homogeneity. The teflon is specially designed for use with alumina and zirconium bullets. .

Sintering services

Device name: Turbulent Mixer

The main application of this device is production of suspension with solid load of more than 70% in order to make green body of ceramics. The special container for this device is made of Teflon and balls made of Alumina and Zirconia is used. The pressure and temperature are applied simultaneously to the sample. The kinetic of densifying accelerate via increasing contact and rearrangement of particles. Also, sintering under vacuum due to the removal of air, can accelerate the sintering.
Technical Specifications of the Device: Working temperature: 1000 °C, Vacuum: 0.001 Torr, Pressuring: 50 KN, Controlled heating temperature up to 20 °C/min, Standard molds with diameters of 4, 7, 12 and 20 cm

Device name: Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS)(SPS)

Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is a rapid sintering process, which can sinter many types of and conductor semiconductor materials. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the SPS process, but the most common theory is the micro spark/plasma theory which is based on electric discharge and generating instantaneous plasma sparking with very high temperature in a small fraction of a second in .a small localized area between particles. SPS process and its mechanism ha so many differences with conventional sintering methods

:Advantages

The applicability for different materials, production of high-density samples

Very short sintering time and producing fine-grained samples, Molds diameter of 2, 4 and 6 cm is used to do this process.

General laboratory services

Device name: pH meter

Application: measurement of pH with a 0.01 pH resolution

This device has the ability of measuring potential in millivolt with a 0.01 pH resolution.

Device name: Probe Ultrasonic

Main applications of this device include sample homogenization, sample distribution, protein extraction and emulsion of liquid specimens. This device has a wide range of applications especially in the field of nano technology to produce homogeneous specimens.

Device name: Ultrasonic cleaning

Ultrasonic is the application of mechanical-sound waves with a frequency higher than human hearing. One of the important application of ultrasonic waves is using the cavitation blow generated by it in the ultrasonic cleaning process. The principles of this method are based on the immersion of the samples in a fluid medium, which is carried out by ultrasonic waves with a high frequency and high intensity, and after creation of cavitation, the cleaning process takes place. Ultrasonic waves have various applications because of their properties.

Device name: Oven (volume of 60 liters)

This device is used to drying solution and suspension.

Advantages: drying samples with specified temperature and rate, working temperature of 250 °C, High purity in dried solution.

Device name: Oven (volume of 2000 liters)

This device is used to drying solution and suspension.

Advantages: drying samples with specified temperature and rate

working temperature of 250 °C

High purity in dried solution.

Device name: Digital Balance

Application: weighing with 0.1mg (0.0001g) readability

measuring density with Archimedes method.

Furnace and calcination services

Device name: Electric furnace (1200 °C)

Maximum applied temperature is 1200 °C. The main application of this type of furnace is for calcination of ceramic powders. The accuracy of this type of furnace is 10 °C.

Device name: Electric furnace (1200 °C) with vacuum atmosphere

This device has the ability of applying heat up to 1200 °C with vacuum of 0.00001 bar. This device has the ability of programing for different temperature and time cycles. Sintering and calcination of ceramic powders is done with this furnace.

Device features: Ability of programing for different temperature and time cycles, Controllable vacuum

Device name: Electric furnace (1600 °C) with vacuum atmosphere

This device has the ability of applying heat up to 1600 °C with vacuum of 0.00001 bar. For using the samples that are melted in this temperature, a pore less Alumina bush should be used and the sample places inside it. This device has the ability of programing for different temperature and time cycles. Sintering and calcination of ceramic powders is done with this furnace.

Device features:

Ability of programing for different temperature and time cycles

Controllable vacuum.

Device name: Electric furnace (2000 °C) with vacuum atmosphere

This device has the ability of applying heat up to 1600 °C with vacuum of 0.00001 bar. Sintering and calcination of ceramic powders is done with this furnace.

Device features: Ability of programing for different temperature and time cycles

Controllable vacuum.

Device name: Electric furnace (1800 °C)

This type of furnace can be used for calcination of ceramic powders. The accuracy of this type of furnace is 3 °C and has the ability of running more than 20 programs. The used refractories and insulators are made of very high pure Alumina and lightweight insulating using ceramic fiber.

Granulation services

Device name: Spray drying

One of the important application of spray dryer is production of ceramic powders and granules, although it is used to produce detergents, food and pharmaceutical industries.

Device features: Granulation many types of ceramic powders with more than 60% efficiency, Capacity of granulation: 2 kilograms in hour, Granulation many types of ceramic powders with the most purity.

Device name: Spray freeze drying

An ideal device for converting fluid into powder with high standard characteristics including gradation, controlled moisture, specific gravity, and particle shape. The dried particles via this method are spherical and have a very high fluidity. The main advantage of this method than spray drying is extremely high speed of the dryer due to the increase of surface area to mass.

Device features:

Granulation with very high purity

More than 70% efficiency

Capacity of granulation: 500 grams in hour.

Characterization and interpretation

Analyze name: BET

BET analyze is used for measuring the specific area and density of nanotubes. Accurate measurement of specific area and porosity has attracted enormous interest in many applications like catalysts, nano absorbents, compounds and additives, pharmaceutical and food industries, nano particles such as metal nanoparticles, nano tubes and nano fibers. In this method, a layer of surface-absorbing material molecules is formed. By knowing the average thickness of a molecule, the surface occupied by a molecule can be calculated and based on the absorbed material, the total area of the sample is measured.

This system is based on BET theory and by the measured values of absorbance and disintegration, the specific surface area, diameter, volume and distribution of the pore size of the material can be calculated.

Analyze name: DLS

Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is an appropriate technique to determine the particle size distribution. In this technique, the particle size distribution is measured by Brownian motion. Measuring the Brownian motion of particles is determined by calculating the amount of vibration amount in the intensity of the scattered light beams by particles.

This device can calculate the changes in scattered light beams via the changes of the pattern of dark and bright points, which determining the scattering of light beams will end at measuring the Brownian motion of particles.  

Analyze name: DTA

Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is based on measuring difference between the unknown sample and the control sample temperatures while both samples are heated with the same heating cycle. By using the thermocouples of the unknown and control samples, the temperature difference ΔT and the control sample temperature T can be determined. ΔT and T after reinforcing is sent to recording part and the changes of ΔT in T is drawn. An electronic circuit controls the temperature by another thermocouple which is placed in furnace body.

Analyze name: FESEM

Field Emission-SEM has very high resolution. This kind of microscope is a type of field electron emission and for this reason the depth of field and resolution is much higher than SEM. Images magnified 700 thousand times.

Analyze name: FT-IR

IR spectroscopy is based on absorption of radiation and the evaluation of vibrational mutations of molecules and multi atom ions. This method is a developed method to determine structure and measuring chemical species. This method is usually used for identifying the spectrum of organic materials because these compounds are complicated and have many maximum and minimum peaks that can be used for comparative goals. Some informations that can be achieved from FT-IR analyze include following items:

Quantitative and qualitative identification of organic compounds containing nanoparticles, determining the type of functional group and the bonds in their molecules. For determining low amounts of hydrogen phosphate ion in hydroxyapatite which is used for artificial organs of the body. Analyzing some medicines containing nano particles.

Analyze name: ICP

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is one of the methods of emission spectroscopy which the atomization is done by plasma produced by an inert gas, which is mainly argon. Plasma is called a series of electrons and inert gas ions which have high energy and temperatures. However, due to the high concentrations of these two components (cation and anion), the total plasma charge is almost zero.

ICP method is one of the best methods of spectroscopy to determine the type and concentration of different elements. This method has lower resolution and spectral and chemical interruptions compared to other emission methods.

Analyze name: SEM

Nowadays different methods are used to identify and analyze the materials which their most popular is microscopic methods. SEM which is a group of electron microscopes that is one of the most popular microscopic methods which in addition to providing magnified images, can do chemical analyze and other analyzes.

The basis of this microscope is the interaction of electron beam with material. The rays emitted from this interaction are used to studies.

Analyze name: XRD

XRD analyzer is based on diffraction of X-ray and Bragg law which is usually used for studying materials with crystal structure. It is possible to study materials by XRD according to the uniqueness of the spectrum of each composition and the unknown sample’s formula. By using Braggs law the distance of crystal planes and thus the size and type of the unit cell can be measured. The percentage of phases can be determined via this method.

Analyze name: XRF

This method is necessary for some industries like cement and steel because of the high speed in elemental identification. In his method, the incident X-ray cause the atom be excited and creates secondary X-ray. Then, by determining the wavelength (WDS) or the energy of the secondary X-ray (EDS), element or elements can be identified. The XRF analyzer identify percentage of elements from Na to U, from 5 ppm to 99.99%.

First, the samples are weighed and then they place in furnace and heat to 1100 °C and then are weighed and the weight loss based on the LOI parameter is reported.